Running a city might look complicated, but one way to simplify the picture is to imagine three groups.
First, there are the city officials and their consultants, going about the business of making day-to-day decisions and planning for the future. They set budgets for building and maintaining things, and for running programmes. Generally keeping things on track to meet policy objectives.
Then there are the political councillors and the people who advise them. They set policy to guide government planning, based on what they hear from citizens and government reports, and they approve or deny proposals put forward by civil servants. They haggle and compromise until they …
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